PAT Testing - The Musicians' Guide

In the UK, if you are playing certain venues, signing up with an entertainment agency, or using your music gear on a cruise ship, you will probably be asked for evidence of PAT testing for your equipment. This article covers what PAT testing is, why you need it, how to get it done, and what to do with the results.

What is a PAT Test?

PAT stands for Portable Appliance Test, a test to ensure that an electrical device is safe and free from damage, wear, or internal faults that could cause an electric shock or fire. PAT testing for musicians involves inspecting and testing mains-powered gear like keyboards, amplifiers, PA systems, and pedalboard power supplies to ensure safety for both the musician and the audience alike.

A PAT test consists of a visual inspection and an electrical assessment, checking for problems such as frayed cables or damaged plugs, and evaluating earth continuity, polarity, and insulation resistance. Also, a basic functional check is made to ensure that the equipment operates correctly. Gear that passes the test will get a PAT certificate and a pass sticker.

Is PAT testing a legal requirement?

While PAT testing itself is not a legal requirement, proving that your equipment is safe and well maintained is. The legal obligations that are the background to PAT testing requirements are specified in the Electricity at Work Regulations (EWR), published by the Health and Safety Executive.

Why do I need PAT testing?

Entertainment agencies, larger venues, and other event locations like cruise ships are legally obligated to ensure that any electrical equipment used by their clients, on their premises, or by their employees is safe for the user, environment and intended purpose. As a result, they will require proof that your equipment complies with these standards before allowing its use in their venue or including you in their artist roster.

Who can do a PAT test?

While there is no legal requirement for the tester to be a certified electrician, they must possess the competence to perform the task, a relevant qualification and the correct equipment.

Where can I get a PAT test?

Your local electrician will offer PAT testing of gear on a number of items basis, so gather up all your keyboards, amps, mixers, power cables, etc and count up how many will need testing. The Musicians' Union also hosts free PAT testing sessions for members.

Can I PAT test my own gear?

If you qualify as a competent person with the necessary skills and equipment, then yes.

What is a PAT Certificate?

A PAT certificate is an official record issued by the tester showing that your electrical equipment has been visually inspected and electrically tested for safety. It confirms that reasonable steps have been taken to check your gear is safe to use.

What is a pass sticker?

As well as a certificate, equipment that passes a PAT test will get a pass sticker attached to it.

A PAT test pass sticker on the back of a keyboard

Keep paperwork, not just stickers

Pass stickers on equipment are not enough on their own. Keep certificates and accurate records of test results and equipment details including description, serial number and period between tests.

Correct paperwork proves that the tester was competent, when the test was carried out, what equipment was used to perform the tests and confirms the authenticity of the pass sticker.

How often do I need a PAT test?

While there are no set rules, it is generally advised to conduct an annual test for most equipment, especially if it is used frequently and subjected to the rigours of live events.

What if gear fails the test?

Anything that fails the PAT test will need to be repaired and retested at a later date.

Is PAT the same as EET?

The term "Electrical Equipment Testing" (EET) is sometimes used because it includes both portable and fixed equipment. The principle is the same, and musicians can still anticipate venues and agencies requesting PAT certificates.

Does everything need PAT testing?

Equipment that doesn't connect to the mains typically doesn't require PAT testing. This applies to gear such as electro-acoustic guitars, battery powered pedals, and wireless microphones. However, their chargers or power adapters still need to be tested.

Conclusion

PAT testing is a necessary step to ensure that your music equipment is well maintained and safe to use. Keeping full and up to date records avoids any problems arising and proves to agencies and venues that you are well organised, professional and ready for the road.